When working with Exchange Server 2010, you might encounter the frustrating error message:

VERBOSE: Connecting to myserver.mydomain.internal
[myserver.mydomain.internal] 
Processing data from remote server failed with the following error message: 
The user "mydomain\administrator" isn't assigned to any management roles.
Failed to connect to any Exchange Server in the current site.

This typically occurs even when the user account appears to have all necessary permissions.

The error suggests a RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) permissions issue, but the reality is often more nuanced. Common scenarios include:

• Incomplete Exchange installation
• Role assignment cache not properly updated
• Service account permission issues
• AD replication delays

First, confirm your current group memberships with PowerShell:

whoami /groups | findstr "Exchange"
Get-RoleGroupMember "Organization Management" | Format-Table Name
Get-ManagementRoleAssignment -RoleAssignee "administrator" | Format-Table Role,AssigneeType

Try these quick fixes first:

# Force RBAC cache update
Get-RoleGroup "Organization Management" | Update-RoleGroupMember -Identity "administrator"

# Alternatively, run the setup again with repair option
Setup.exe /PrepareAD /IAcceptExchangeServerLicenseTerms

If the quick fixes don't work, follow this complete procedure:

1. Open Exchange Management Shell as Administrator
2. Run these commands sequentially:

# Remove and re-add the user to Organization Management
Remove-RoleGroupMember -Identity "Organization Management" -Member "administrator" -Confirm:$false
Add-RoleGroupMember -Identity "Organization Management" -Member "administrator"

# Force AD replication
repadmin /syncall /APeD

# Restart the Exchange services
Restart-Service MSExchange* -Force

For persistent issues, examine the RBAC system more deeply:

# Check all role assignments
Get-ManagementRoleAssignment | Where {$_.RoleAssignee -eq "administrator"} | Format-List

# Validate the role assignment policies
Get-RoleAssignmentPolicy | Format-Table Name,IsDefault

# Check for any Exchange setup errors
Get-EventLog -LogName Application -Source "MSExchangeSetup" -EntryType Error -Newest 10

To avoid similar problems:

• Always run Exchange setup as Domain Administrator
• Wait for AD replication after permission changes
• Consider using dedicated Exchange admin accounts
• Document all permission changes

When setting up a new Exchange Server 2010 installation (or during a partial installation), you might encounter this frustrating error in Exchange Management Console (EMC) or Exchange Management Shell:

VERBOSE: Connecting to myserver.mydomain.internal
[myserver.mydomain.internal] 
Processing data from remote server failed with the following error message: 
The user "mydomain\administrator" isn't assigned to any management roles. 
For more information, see the about_Remote_Troubleshooting Help topic.
Failed to connect to any Exchange Server in the current site.

First, confirm your administrator account's group memberships using whoami /groups. The account should ideally be part of these critical Exchange groups:

Organization Management
Exchange Organization Administrators
Enterprise Admins
Schema Admins

This typically occurs when:

• Exchange role-based access control (RBAC) wasn't properly configured during setup
• There was a domain controller replication delay during installation
• The setup account didn't have sufficient permissions when running Exchange setup
• Active Directory preparation steps weren't completed successfully

Try connecting directly to the Exchange server using explicit credentials:

$UserCredential = Get-Credential
$Session = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.Exchange -ConnectionUri http://<ExchangeServer>/PowerShell/ -Authentication Kerberos -Credential $UserCredential
Import-PSSession $Session

To properly assign management roles, use Exchange Management Shell:

# First, verify if roles exist
Get-ManagementRoleAssignment -RoleAssignee "domain\administrator"

# If no results, add the Organization Management role
New-ManagementRoleAssignment -Name "OrgAdmin_Assignment" -Role "Organization Management" -User "domain\administrator"

# For full access, add these additional roles
$roles = @("Recipient Management","Server Management","View-Only Organization Management")
foreach ($role in $roles) {
    New-ManagementRoleAssignment -Name "${role}_Assignment" -Role $role -User "domain\administrator"
}

# Verify the assignments
Get-ManagementRoleAssignment -RoleAssignee "domain\administrator" | Format-Table -AutoSize

After fixing the permissions, verify Exchange services are running:

Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.DisplayName -like "*Exchange*"} | Select-Object DisplayName, Status

Also check Exchange server health:

Test-ServiceHealth
Test-SystemHealth

When installing Exchange 2010:

1. Always run setup as a user with Schema Admins and Enterprise Admins rights
2. Use the /PrepareAD switch before main installation
3. Verify domain controller replication is complete before proceeding
4. Consider using the /DomainController parameter to specify a DC